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101.
Given a multiplicative band of idempotents S in a ring R, for all e,f∈S the ∇-product e
∇
f=e+f+fe−efe−fef is an idempotent that lies roughly above e and f in R just as ef and fe lie roughly below e and f. In this paper we study ∇-bands in rings, that is, bands in rings that are closed under ∇, giving various criteria for ∇ to be associative, thus making the band a skew lattice. We also consider when a given band S in R generates a ∇-band. 相似文献
102.
Karin Odelius Ann‐Christine Albertsson 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2008,46(4):1249-1264
Star‐shaped homo‐ and copolymers were synthesized in a controlled fashion using two different initiating systems. Homopolymers of ε‐caprolactone, L ‐lactide, and 1,5‐dioxepan‐2‐one were firstly polymerized using (I) a spirocyclic tin initiator and (II) stannous octoate (cocatalyst) together with pentaerythritol ethoxylate 15/4 EO/OH (coinitiator), to give polymers with identical core moieties. Our gained understanding of the versatile and controllable initiator systems kinetics, the transesterification reactions occurring, and the role which the reaction conditions play on the material outcome, made it possible to tailor the copolymer microstructure. Two strategies were used to successfully synthesize copolymers of different microstructures with the two initiator systems, i.e., a more multiblock‐ or a block‐structure. The correct choice of the monomer addition order enabled two distinct blocks to be created for the copolymers of poly(DXO‐co‐LLA) and poly(CL‐co‐LLA). In the case of poly(CL‐co‐DXO), multiblock copolymers were created using both systems whereas longer blocks were created with the spirocyclic tin initiator. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. JPolym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 1249–1264, 2008 相似文献
103.
104.
105.
L. W. Andrews H. Morawitz E. Rupp H. Bauer W. F. Schirmer Karin Thaulow H. Lescoeur E. Biilman F. Lehmann J. Knox P. W. Robertson H. Wastenson G. S. Jamieson F. Utz L. Garnier F. Reinthaler J. A. Muller A. Kolb A. Feldhofen G. Adanti B. Oddo L. Vignon H. R. Procter und R. A. Seymour-Jones 《Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry》1923,62(10):401-407
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
106.
S. V. Valueva A. I. Kipper L. N. Borovikova N. A. Matveeva 《Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A, Focus on Chemistry》2010,84(12):2110-2115
Comparative studies of the morphological characteristics of selenium- and platinum-containing nanostructures were performed
by molecular optics methods. The nanostructures were based on an ionogenic polymeric stabilizer, poly-N,N,N,N-trimethylmethacryloyloxyethylammonium
methyl sulfate, and a non-ionogenic polymeric stabilizer, oxyethylcellulose. Studies were performed in aqueous solutions at
a fixed ratio between components. The adsorption of a considerable number of polymer macromolecules on nanoparticles with
the formation of superhigh-molecular-weight nanostructures with shapes close to spherical was observed for all the nanosystems
studied. The thermodynamic state of nanosystems was characterized. Certain morphological characteristics of nanostructures
were substantially influenced by the nature of both nanoparticles and polymer matrix. 相似文献
107.
108.
Erythromycin A is a potent antibiotic long-recognized as a therapeutic option for bacterial infections. The soil-dwelling bacterium Saccharopolyspora erythraea natively produces erythromycin A from a 55 kb gene cluster composed of three large polyketide synthase genes (each ~10 kb) and 17 additional genes responsible for deoxysugar biosynthesis, macrolide tailoring, and resistance. In this study, the erythromycin A gene cluster was systematically transferred from S. erythraea to E. coli for reconstituted biosynthesis, with titers reaching 10 mg/l. Polyketide biosynthesis was then modified to allow the production of two erythromycin analogs. Success establishes E. coli as a viable option for the heterologous production of erythromycin A and more broadly as a platform for the directed production of erythromycin analogs. 相似文献
109.
Wolfgang Holzer Angelika Ebner Karin Schalle Gyselle Batezila Gernot A. Eller 《Journal of fluorine chemistry》2010,131(10):1013-1024
A straightforward, two-step synthesis of fluoro substituted chromeno[2,3-c]pyrazol- and [1]benzothieno[2′,3′:5,6]pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazol-4(1H)-ones, respectively, is presented. Hence, treatment of 1-substituted or 1,3-disubstituted 2-pyrazolin-5-ones with fluoro substituted 2-fluorobenzoyl chlorides or 3-chloro-6-fluoro-1-benzothiophene-2-carbonyl chloride using calcium hydroxide in refluxing 1,4-dioxane gave the corresponding 4-aroylpyrazol-5-ols, which were cyclized into the fused ring systems. 5-Fluorochromeno[2,3-c]pyrazol-4(1H)-one was obtained upon treatment of the 1-(4-methoxybenzyl) protected congener with trifluoroacetic acid. Treatment of 5-fluorochromeno[2,3-c]pyrazol-4(1H)-ones with methylhydrazine afforded novel tetracyclic ring systems such as 2-methyl-7-phenyl-2,7-dihydropyrazolo[4′,3′:5,6]pyrano[4,3,2-cd]indazole. Detailed NMR spectroscopic investigations (1H, 13C, 15N, 19F) with the obtained compounds were undertaken. 相似文献
110.
F. L. Dickert Ulrich Geiger Karin Weber 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》1999,364(1-2):128-132
Advances in robustness, selectivity and sensitivity in organic solvent vapour detection can be achieved by the application of β-cyclodextrines as coatings for mass sensitive chemical sensors. Linking the cyclodextrines with e.g. diiodooctane combines the molecular recognition capabilities of host-guest chemistry with the high stability of polymeric layers. Special increase in selectivity is achieved with anhydro cyclodextrines, since their flattened conus is adapted to benzene derivatives as can also be shown by computer modelling. Furthermore methylation elongates the cavity, guaranteeing an optimised engulfing of the analytes. In this way even a differentiation between p- and m-xylene vapours and a QMB detection limit of some μL/L is possible. 相似文献